ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The speed of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put enormous pressure on hospitals and other healthcare facilities. This, together with blockages in several countries, has hindered the availability and accessibility of the necessary personal protective equipment (PPE). OBJECTIVE: To identify, systematically evaluate and summarize the available scientific evidence on the efficacy, safety, safe use and reuse of PPE for healthcare professionals, for preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review of studies analyzing products for disinfecting and enabling reuse of PPE for coronavirus within the evidence-based health program of a federal university in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: A systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science and LILACS databases, for articles published up to November 30, 2020. RESULTS: Ten studies were selected. These analyzed the use of N95, surgical and cotton masks, face shields, flexible enclosures with plastic covers or polycarbonate intubation boxes and plastic curtains; and also PPE disinfection using several substances. CONCLUSION: Combined use of a face shield with a N95 mask proved to be superior to other associations for protecting healthcare workers. Some products are useful for disinfecting PPE, such as 70% ethanol, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite and a mixture of quaternary ammonium and H2O2, and hydrogen peroxide. Ultraviolet light and dry heat at 70 °C can be used to decontaminate N95 masks. REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/4V5FD at the OPENSCIENCE Framework.

Resumo Objetivo Mapear evidências em saúde sobre a eficácia da terapia por estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS, na sigla em inglês) no alívio da dor durante o parto. Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane, VHL, PEDRO e SciELO, através dos descritores estimulação eléctrica, transcutânea e trabalho, obstetrícia e os seus sinônimos. Resultados Foram identificados 263 estudos, dos quais 54 duplicados foram excluídos. Após a classificação por títulos e resumos, 24 artigos foram selecionados para leitura, restando 6. Os seis estudos avaliaram a redução da dor através da escala visual analógica (EVA). Conclusão Os resultados indicam que a utilização de TENS como estratégia não farmacológica para o alívio da dor no parto tem resultados positivos.

Abstract Objective To map health evidence on the effectiveness of transcutaneous nerve electrostimulation (TENS) therapy in pain relief during delivery. Methods This is a scoping review in the PubMed, LILACS, Cochrane, VHL, PEDRO, and SciELO databases, through the descriptors electric stimulation, transcutaneous and labor, obstetric and their synonyms. Results A total of 263 studies were identified, of which 54 duplicates were excluded. After sorting by titles and abstracts, there were 24 articles for reading, remaining 6. The six studies evaluated the reduction of pain through the visual analogue scale (VAS). Conclusion The findings indicate that the use of TENS as a nonpharmacological strategy for pain relief in labor has positive results.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease with higher prevalence among women aged between 30 and 50 years and general prevalence of 1% worldwide. Interventions promoting improvement of quality of life for individuals with RA are required. Tai Chi appears to be a low-cost alternative, with studies showing positive results from this technique. However, regarding aspects of RA such as pain and sensitivity, studies remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of the Tai Chi method for treating patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, among systematic reviews. DESIGN AND SETTING: Overview of systematic reviews with Cochrane and non-Cochrane methodology. METHODS: Systematic reviews involving quasi-randomized and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on use of Tai Chi, with no restrictions regarding the date and language of publication, were included. RESULTS: Three systematic reviews were included. The effects of Tai Chi associated with education and stretching exercises versus education and stretching were evaluated in these reviews. They showed that improvements in the variables of mood, depression and functional index were associated with use of Tai Chi. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that clinical improvement was achieved, although not statistically significant with regard to pain and disease pattern, as assessed using the ACR20 measurement. Improvements relating to disability and quality of life were also seen. There was a low level of evidence and therefore caution in data analysis is recommended. The three studies included showed poor reliability for providing an accurate and complete summary of use of Tai Chi among people diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. PROSPERO: CRD42019125501.

Abstract Background: Diet plays a critical role in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients, impacting on the microbiota composition and, consequently, on the immune response. The objective was to analyze and verify the diet effect on SLE patients. Methods: This is a systematic review performed at the Evidences-based Health Lab, Escola Superior em Ciências da Saúde, Brasília (DF), Brazil. In March, 2021, five databases, and grey literature, through JSTOR, Open Grey, and Google Scholar were searched. Randomized Clinical Trials in which SLE patients with calorie restricted, low glycemic index or other diet involving the joint adequacy of these aspects, compared with placebo or different types of diet, were included. Results: It was identified in the databases 758 articles; 132 were duplicated; 616 references were screened, and 604 were excluded. After reading the title and abstract, 12 articles were included for full-text reading. After the full-text reading, three studies were included for quantitative analysis. The diet improved the quality of life at 6 (MD 16.30; 5.91;26.69) and 12 weeks (MD 14.60; 0.88;28.32). The GRADE was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Conclusion: There is low evidence that the diet has a positive impact on the quality of life of SLE patients. Trial registration PROSPERO—CRD4202012208.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Faced with a pandemic, all healthcare actions need to reflect best practices, in order to avoid high transmissibility, complications and even hospitalizations. For hospital environments, the products recommended and authorized by regulatory institutions for environmental cleaning and disinfection need to be highly effective. OBJECTIVE: To identify, systematically evaluate and summarize the best available scientific evidence on environmental cleaning to prevent COVID-19 infection. DESIGN AND SETTING: A systematic review of studies analyzing cleaning products that inactivate coronavirus, conducted within the evidence-based health program of a federal university in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: A systematic search of the relevant literature was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and LILACS databases, for articles published up to May 27, 2020, relating to studies evaluating cleaning products that inactivate coronavirus in the environment. RESULTS: Seven studies were selected. These analyzed use of 70% alcohol, detergent, detergent containing iodine, household bleach, sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide, glutaraldehyde, ultraviolet irradiation and plasma air purifier. The effectiveness of treating sewage with sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide was also evaluated. CONCLUSION: Disinfection of environments, especially those in ordinary use, such as bathrooms, needs to be done constantly. Viral inactivation was achieved using chlorine-based disinfectants, alcohol, detergents, glutaraldehyde, iodine-containing detergents, hydrogen peroxide compounds and household bleaches. Alcohol showed efficient immediate activity. In sewage, sodium hypochlorite had better action than chlorine dioxide. REGISTRATION NUMBER: DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/YC5P4 in the Open Science Framework.

Abstract Objective To identify evidences regarding infection by SARS-CoV-2 and deaths of healthcare workers and related-risk factors. Methods We conducted a systematic review by searching the following databases SCOPUS, VHL Regional Portal, PubMed and Embase. We included studies on infection and death of healthcare workers who delivery care for COVID-19 patients. There were no restriction on date of publication, idiom, or type of study. The search was conducted until April 14, 2020. Results A total of 28 articles were selected. Most mentioned risk factors were: scarcity, inadequate use or non-usage of personal protective equipment, work overload, close contact with potentially infected patients and/or coworkers, risk for aerosol-generating procedures, late diagnosis and inadequate air renovation. According to each country, the number of infected workers ranged from 1,716 to 17,306. Concerning deaths, there are data of up to 605 healthcare workers who died of COVID-19 all over the world. Evidences found were editorials, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. Conclusion Studies identified showed high number of infection and deaths among healthcare workers. Overload of health system was a significant factor.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar evidencias sobre la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y muerte de profesionales de la salud y factores de riesgo relacionados. Métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática en busca de artículos en las bases de datos Scopus, Portal Regional de la BVS, Pubmed y Embase, relacionados con la infección y muerte de profesionales de la salud involucrados en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19. No hubo restricción respecto a la fecha de publicación, idioma ni tipo de estudio. Para la búsqueda se consideraron publicaciones hasta el 14 de abril de 2020. Resultados Se incluyeron 28 artículos. Los factores de riesgo más mencionados fueron: escasez, uso inadecuado o falta de uso de equipos de protección individual; sobrecarga de trabajo; contacto cercano con pacientes o compañeros de trabajo potencialmente contaminados; procedimientos con riesgo generador de aerosoles; diagnóstico tardío y renovación inadecuada del aire interior. El número de profesionales infectados varió de 1.716 a 17.306, de acuerdo con cada país. Respecto a las muertes, hay datos de 605 profesionales fallecidos en todo el mundo. La evidencia se encontró en editoriales, estudios transversales y de cohorte. Conclusión Las evidencias identificadas demuestran un alto número de profesionales infectados y fallecidos, y la sobrecarga del sistema de salud es un factor significativo.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar as evidências quanto à infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 e óbitos dos profissionais de saúde e fatores de risco relacionados. Métodos Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática buscando-se artigos nas bases de dados Scopus, Portal Regional da BVS, Pubmed e Embase, relacionados à infecção e óbito de profissionais da saúde envolvidos no tratamento de pacientes com a COVID-19. Não houve restrição quanto a data de publicação, idioma ou tipo de estudo. Para a busca foi considerado publicações até 14 de abril de 2020. Resultados Foram incluídos 28 artigos. Os fatores de risco mais citados foram: escassez, uso inadequado ou não uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, sobrecarga de trabalho, contato próximo com pacientes e/ou colegas de trabalho potencialmente contaminados, procedimento com risco de geração de aerossol, diagnóstico tardio e renovação de ar ambiente inadequado. De acordo com cada país, o número de profissionais infectados variou de 1.716 a 17.306. Quanto aos óbitos, existem dados de até 605 profissionais falecidos no mundo inteiro. As evidências encontradas são editoriais, estudos transversais e de coorte. Conclusão As evidências identificadas demonstram um alto número de profissionais infectados e que foram a óbito, sendo a sobrecarga do sistema de saúde um fator significativo.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar as evidências quanto à infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 e óbitos dos profissionais de saúde e fatores de risco relacionados. Métodos Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática buscando-se artigos nas bases de dados Scopus, Portal Regional da BVS, Pubmed e Embase, relacionados à infecção e óbito de profissionais da saúde envolvidos no tratamento de pacientes com a COVID-19. Não houve restrição quanto a data de publicação, idioma ou tipo de estudo. Para a busca foi considerado publicações até 14 de abril de 2020. Resultados Foram incluídos 28 artigos. Os fatores de risco mais citados foram: escassez, uso inadequado ou não uso de equipamentos de proteção individual, sobrecarga de trabalho, contato próximo com pacientes e/ou colegas de trabalho potencialmente contaminados, procedimento com risco de geração de aerossol, diagnóstico tardio e renovação de ar ambiente inadequado. De acordo com cada país, o número de profissionais infectados variou de 1.716 a 17.306. Quanto aos óbitos, existem dados de até 605 profissionais falecidos no mundo inteiro. As evidências encontradas são editoriais, estudos transversais e de coorte. Conclusão As evidências identificadas demonstram um alto número de profissionais infectados e que foram a óbito, sendo a sobrecarga do sistema de saúde um fator significativo.

Abstract Objective To identify evidences regarding infection by SARS-CoV-2 and deaths of healthcare workers and related-risk factors. Methods We conducted a systematic review by searching the following databases SCOPUS, VHL Regional Portal, PubMed and Embase. We included studies on infection and death of healthcare workers who delivery care for COVID-19 patients. There were no restriction on date of publication, idiom, or type of study. The search was conducted until April 14, 2020. Results A total of 28 articles were selected. Most mentioned risk factors were: scarcity, inadequate use or non-usage of personal protective equipment, work overload, close contact with potentially infected patients and/or coworkers, risk for aerosol-generating procedures, late diagnosis and inadequate air renovation. According to each country, the number of infected workers ranged from 1,716 to 17,306. Concerning deaths, there are data of up to 605 healthcare workers who died of COVID-19 all over the world. Evidences found were editorials, cross-sectional, and cohort studies. Conclusion Studies identified showed high number of infection and deaths among healthcare workers. Overload of health system was a significant factor.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar evidencias sobre la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y muerte de profesionales de la salud y factores de riesgo relacionados. Métodos Se realizó una revisión sistemática en busca de artículos en las bases de datos Scopus, Portal Regional de la BVS, Pubmed y Embase, relacionados con la infección y muerte de profesionales de la salud involucrados en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19. No hubo restricción respecto a la fecha de publicación, idioma ni tipo de estudio. Para la búsqueda se consideraron publicaciones hasta el 14 de abril de 2020. Resultados Se incluyeron 28 artículos. Los factores de riesgo más mencionados fueron: escasez, uso inadecuado o falta de uso de equipos de protección individual; sobrecarga de trabajo; contacto cercano con pacientes o compañeros de trabajo potencialmente contaminados; procedimientos con riesgo generador de aerosoles; diagnóstico tardío y renovación inadecuada del aire interior. El número de profesionales infectados varió de 1.716 a 17.306, de acuerdo con cada país. Respecto a las muertes, hay datos de 605 profesionales fallecidos en todo el mundo. La evidencia se encontró en editoriales, estudios transversales y de cohorte. Conclusión Las evidencias identificadas demuestran un alto número de profesionales infectados y fallecidos, y la sobrecarga del sistema de salud es un factor significativo.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Shoulder pain is considered to be the third largest cause of musculoskeletal functional alterations in individuals presenting pain during movement. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this synthesis of evidence was to identify the clinical effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatments reported in Cochrane systematic reviews among individuals diagnosed with rotator cuff disease. DESIGNAND SETTING: Review of systematic reviews, conducted in the Federal University of São Paulo (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, UNIFESP). METHODS: This synthesis of evidence included systematic reviews that had been published in the Cochrane database. The inclusion criteria were that these systematic reviews should involve individuals aged ≥ 16 years with rotator cuff disease, comparing surgical procedures with or without associated nonsurgical procedures versus placebo, no treatment or other nonsurgical interventions. RESULTS: Thirty-one systematic reviews were included, involving comparisons between surgical procedures and conservative treatment; procedures either combined or not combined with drugs, versus other procedures; and procedures involving exercises, manual therapy and electrothermal or phototherapeutic resources. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that strengthening exercises, with or without associated manual therapy techniques and other resources, were the interventions with greatest power of treatment over the medium and long terms, for individuals with shoulder pain. These had greater therapeutic power than surgical procedures, electrotherapy or photobiomodulation. Protocol registration number in the PROSPERO database: ID - CRD42018096578.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO A estimulação elétrica neuromuscular (EENM) tem sido incluída em protocolos de reabilitação de pacientes com fraqueza muscular decorrente da osteoartrite do joelho. O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a efetividade de um tratamento de oito semanas de EENM combinado com exercícios na melhora da dor e função em pacientes com osteoartrite do joelho. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL Ensaio clínico randomizado realizado no Ambulatório de Especialidades de Interlagos, São Paulo, Brasil. MÉTODOS Cem pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos: Grupo EENM (GEENM) e grupo controle (GC). As medidas de avaliação utilizadas foram: escala numérica de dor (END) 0 a 10, teste timed up and go (TUG), índice de Lequesne e escala de atividades de vida diária (EAVD). RESULTADOS Oitenta e dois pacientes completaram a pesquisa. Por meio da análise por intenção de tratar, na comparação entre grupos, o GEENM apresentou melhora estatisticamente significante em comparação ao GC na redução da dor (diferença entre as médias: 1,67 [0,31; 3,02], P = 0,01), no índice de Lequesne (diferença entre as médias: 1,98 [0,15; 3,79] e na EAVD (diferença entre as médias: -11,23 [-19,88; -2,57], P = 0,01). CONCLUSÃO A EENM, quando inserida em um protocolo de reabilitação para pacientes com osteoartrite do joelho, é efetiva na redução da dor, melhora da função e das atividades de vida diária quando comparada a um grupo submetido a programa de orientação. REGISTRO DE ENSAIO CLÍNICO ACTRN012607000357459.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has been used in rehabilitation protocols for patients suffering from muscle weakness resulting from knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of an eight-week treatment program of NMES combined with exercises, for improving pain and function among patients with knee osteoarthritis. DESIGN AND SETTING Randomized clinical trial at Interlagos Specialty Ambulatory Clinic, Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS One hundred were randomized into two groups: NMES group and control group. The following evaluation measurements were used: numerical pain scale from 0 to 10, timed up and go (TUG) test, Lequesne index and activities of daily living (ADL) scale. RESULTS Eighty-two patients completed the study. From intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis comparing the groups, the NMES group showed a statistically significant improvement in relation to the control group, regarding pain intensity (difference between means: 1.67 [0.31 to 3.02]; P = 0.01), Lequesne index (difference between means: 1.98 [0.15 to 3.79]; P = 0.03) and ADL scale (difference between means: -11.23 [-19.88 to -2.57]; P = 0.01). CONCLUSION NMES, within a rehabilitation protocol for patients with knee osteoarthritis, is effective for improving pain, function and activities of daily living, in comparison with a group that received an orientation program. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN012607000357459.

OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito de um programa de fortalecimento de quadríceps com duração de oito semanas na dor, função e qualidade de vida de pacientes com osteoartrite do joelho. MÉTODOS: Cem pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos: 1- Grupo Exercício (GEx) e 2 - Grupo Orientação (GO). O teste Timed Up and Go (TUG), a Escala Numérica de Dor (END) e o questionário SF-36 foram utilizados para a avaliação. RESULTADOS: Oitenta e um pacientes completaram a pesquisa. Considerando a análise por intenção de tratar, houve melhora estatisticamente significante no GEx quando comparado ao GO em todas as variáveis avaliadas. CONCLUSÃO: O programa de exercícios de fortalecimento do quadríceps por nós aplicado foi efetivo na melhora da dor, função e qualidade de vida de pacientes com osteoartrite do joelho. Nível de Evidência I, Ensaio Clínico Randomizado.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this research was to verify the effectiveness of an eight-week quadriceps strengthening program on pain, function and quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: A hundred patients were randomized into two groups: 1- Exercise Group (ExG) and 2- Orientation Group. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and the Short Form-36 were used for the assessment. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients completed the survey. According to the intention to treat (ITT) analysis, there was statistically significant difference in ExG compared to OG in all the variables assessed. CONCLUSION: The program quadriceps strengthening exercises applied in this randomized clinical trial was effective in improving pain, function and quality of life of patients with knee osteoarthritis. Level of Evidence I, Randomized Clinical Trial.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A estimulação elétrica (ES) é amplamente utilizada para fortalecimento muscular após lesões ligamentares ou meniscais do joelho. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a efetividade da ES na reabilitação de lesões de tecidos moles do joelho tratadas de forma cirúrgica ou conservadora. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Revisão sistemática no Centro Cochrane do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Realizamos uma busca no Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2010, Issue 12), Medline (Medical Analysis and Retrieval System Online) via PubMed (1966 até dezembro 2010), Embase (Excerpta Medica Database, de 1980 até dezembro 2010), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, de 1982 até dezembro de 2010), and PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database, de 1929 até dezembro de 2010). Os estudos incluídos foram ensaios clínicos randomizados que utilizaram a ES com o objetivo de aumento de força muscular na reabilitação de pacientes com lesões de tecidos moles. Dois autores avaliaram os estudos para inclusão de forma independente e realizaram a extração de dados e avaliação da qualidade metodológica. RESULTADOS: Dezessete estudos incluídos utilizaram a ES após a reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior e dois estudos após meniscectomia. Houve melhora estatisticamente significante na força do quadríceps através da ES (diferença média, MD -32.7; 95% intervalo de confiança, IC -39.92 to -25.48; n = 56) e nos desfechos funcionais (MD -7; -12.78 to -1.22; n = 43), seis a oito semanas após cirurgia de reconstrução do ligamento cruzado anterior. CONCLUSÃO: Há evidências de que a ES combinada a exercícios de reabilitação convencional pode ser efetiva na melhora da força muscular e função dois meses após cirurgia

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Electrical stimulation (ES) is widely used to strengthen muscles following ligament and meniscal injuries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ES for rehabilitation after soft tissue injuries of the knee treated surgically or conservatively. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review at the Brazilian Cochrane Center. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2010, Issue 12), Medline (Medical Analysis and Retrieval System Online) via PubMed (1966 to December 2010), Embase (Excerpta Medica database, 1980 to December 2010), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, 1982 to December 2010), and PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database, 1929 to December 2010). The studies included were randomized controlled trials using ES to increase muscle strength for rehabilitation of patients with soft tissue injuries of the knee. Two authors independently evaluated studies for inclusion and performed data extraction and methodological quality assessment. RESULTS: Seventeen studies evaluating ES after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and two studies evaluating ES after meniscectomy were included. There was a statistically significant improvement in quadriceps strength through ES (mean difference, MD: -32.7; 95% confidence interval, CI: -39.92 to -25.48; n = 56) and in functional outcomes (MD -7; -12.78 to -1.22; n = 43) six to eight weeks after surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. CONCLUSION: There is evidence that ES coupled with conventional rehabilitation exercises may be effective in improving muscle strength and function two months after surgery

OBJETIVOS: (1) traduzir e validar a versão original da avaliação funcional de tornozelo e pé Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) da língua inglesa para a portuguesa em pacientes com história de entorse de tornozelo em inversão, (2) adaptar culturalmente à população brasileira e (3) correlacionar com o questionário de qualidade de vida SF-36. MÉTODO: O método de tradução e validação utilizado seguiu os critérios descritos por Guillemin et al. Foram incluídos 50 indivíduos com diagnóstico clínico de lesão ligamentar lateral do tornozelo por entorse. RESULTADOS: O questionário FAOS mostrou-se com reprodutibilidade de grau forte para todos os domínios intra e inter-examinador (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Por meio da tradução e adaptação cultural da versão em português do questionário FAOS verificamos que há boa reprodutibilidade e validade e este instrumento mostrou-se adequado para a mensuração da função e dos sintomas de pacientes com lesão ligamentar lateral de tornozelo na população brasileira.

OBJECTIVE: (1) to translate and validate the original version of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) questionnaire from English into Portuguese in patients with diagnosis of lateral ligament injuries with ankle sprain history,(2) to provide cultural adaptation for Brazilian patients (3) to correlate it with the quality of life SF_36 questionnaire. METHOD: The method of translation and validation followed the criteria described by Guillemin et al. Fifty patients with ankle sprain were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: FAOS questionnaire showed good reproducibility for patients with ankle sprain and good reliability for all intraand inter-interviewer sub-scales (p<0.05). The translation and cultural adaptation of FAOS questionnaire had its properties of assessment, reliability and validity measured, showing that this questionnaire is suitable for use in Brazilian patients with lateral ligament ankle injuries.

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A osteoporose é definida como uma doença caracterizada por baixa massa óssea e deteriorização da microarquiquetura do tecido ósseo. O paratormônio estimula a formação e a ação dos osteoblastos responsáveis pela formação dos ossos, promovendo ganho de tecido ósseo. O objetivo foi determinar a efetividade e a segurança da teriparatida no tratamento da osteoporose pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura de acordo com a metodologia da Colaboração Cochrane. RESULTADOS: 1) Teriparatida 20 µg ou 40 µg versus placebo: benefício da teriparatida considerando os desfechos redução do número de novas fraturas vertebrais e não-vertebrais, aumento da densidade mineral óssea corporal total, lombar e do fêmur. 2) Teriparatida 40 µg versus alendronato 10 mg/dia por 14 meses: não houve diferença estatística em relação a incidência de novas fraturas vertebrais ou não-vertebrais, porém, no grupo que recebeu a teriparatida, houve maior ganho de densidade mineral óssea corporal total, na coluna lombar e no fêmur (região intertrocantérica e triângulo de Wards). 3) Estrogênio mais teriparatida 25 µg versus estrogênio: houve benefício do estrogênio associado a teriparatida considerando os desfechos redução do número de novas fraturas vertebrais, aumento da densidade mineral óssea corporal total, lombar e do fêmur ao final dos três anos do estudo. CONCLUSÕES: A teriparatida, quando administrada em baixas doses e de forma intermitente, reduz as fraturas vertebrais (67%) e não vertebrais (38%) e aumenta a densidade mineral óssea na coluna lombar e no fêmur. Há necessidade de estudos de maior tempo de observação para permitir conclusões sobre a segurança e a duração dos efeitos terapêuticos.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Osteoporosis is defined as a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of the bone tissue microarchitecture. Teriparatide stimulates the formation and action of osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation, thus promoting bone tissue increase. The aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety of teriparatide for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology. RESULTS: 1) Teriparatide 20 µg or 40 µg versus placebo: there was a benefit from teriparatide, considering the following outcomes: reduction in the number of new vertebral and non-vertebral fractures, and increased whole-body, lumbar and femoral bone mineral density. 2) Teriparatide 40 µg versus alendronate 10 mg/day for 14 months: there was no statistical difference regarding the incidence of new vertebral or non-vertebral fractures, although in the group that received teriparatide there was greater bone mineral density increase in the whole body, lumbar column and femur. 3) Estrogen plus teriparatide 25 µg versus estrogen: there was a benefit, considering the following outcomes: reduction in the number of new vertebral fractures, and increased whole-body, lumbar and femoral bone mineral density after three years. CONCLUSIONS: When teriparatide is intermittently administered in low doses, it reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures (67%) and non-vertebral fractures (38%) and increases bone mineral density in the lumbar column and femur. There is a need for studies with longer observation in order to allow conclusions regarding the safety and duration of the therapeutic effects.

INTRODUÇÃO: A utilização em estudos científicos de escalas de avaliação de resultados são necessárias para que diferentes formas de tratamento possam ser comparadas em indivíduos com o mesmo diagnóstico. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar a tradução, adaptação cultural e validação da AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale para Língua Portuguesa. MÉTODOS: A escala foi administrada em 50 pacientes com problemas na articulação do tornozelo e retropé, duas vezes pelo entrevistador n° 1 e uma vez pelo entrevistador nº 2. Os pacientes foram também avaliados com o questionário genérico de qualidade de vida SF-36 e escala visual analógica da dor (EVA). RESULTADOS: O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (CCP) e o coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (CCI) foram 0,93 (P<0,001) e 0,96, respectivamente, para reprodutibilidade intra-observador e 0,92 (P<0,001) e 0,95, respectivamente, para reprodutibilidade interobservador. Os componentes capacidade funcional e dor (SF-36) apresentaram as maiores correlações (0,67 e 0,64; P<0,001, respectivamente) com a AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale. O CCP entre a EVA e a AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale foi inversamente proporcional (- 0,68 P<0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Concluímos que a tradução e adaptação cultural da versão da AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale para Língua Portuguesa foi satisfatória para aplicação em pacientes brasileiros, apresentando boa reprodutibilidade e validade construtiva.

BACKGROUND: The use of outcome assessment scales in scientific studies is necessary so that different treatment forms can be compared among individuals with the same diagnosis. This study targeted the translation, cultural adaptation and validation of AOFAS’ Ankle-Hindfoot scale into Portuguese language. METHODS: The scale was applied to 50 patients with ankle-hindfoot joint conditions, twice by the interviewer # 1 and once by the interviewer # 2. The patients were also assessed by using the SF-36 quality-of-life generic questionnaire and the visual analogue scale (VAS). RESULTS: The Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) and the Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were 0.93 (p<0.001) and 0.96, respectively, for intra-observer reliability and 0.92 (p<0.001) and 0.95, respectively, for inter-observer reliability. The functional capacity and pain components (SF-36) presented the highest correlations (0.67 and 0.64; p<0.001, respectively) at the AOFAS’ Ankle-hindfoot scale. The PCC between VAS and AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scale was inversely proportional (- 0,68; p<0,001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the version of AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scale for the Portuguese Language was successfully translated and cultural adapted for application to Brazilian patients, with satisfactory reliability and construct validity.